XP 系统上获取网卡IP和子网掩码信息
2025-01-23 20:23:32 #Windows编程 #网卡

GetAdaptersAddresses

对于 Vista 后的系统，获取网卡信息用 GetAdaptersAddresses 函数就够了，支持查询所有网卡、支持IPv6等。
但是对于 XP 系统，GetAdaptersAddresses得到的结构体会少了些东西，在 XP 上IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES被映射到IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_XP：

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#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_VISTA)
typedef  IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES;
typedef  IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH *PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES;
#elif (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_WINXP)
typedef  IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_XP IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES;
typedef  IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_XP *PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES;
#else

看看两者的差别：

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typedef struct _IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_XP {
    union {
        ULONGLONG Alignment;
        struct {
            ULONG Length;
            DWORD IfIndex;
        };
    };
    struct _IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_XP *Next;
    PCHAR AdapterName;
    PIP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_XP FirstUnicastAddress;
    PIP_ADAPTER_ANYCAST_ADDRESS_XP FirstAnycastAddress;
    PIP_ADAPTER_MULTICAST_ADDRESS_XP FirstMulticastAddress;
    PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS_XP FirstDnsServerAddress;
    PWCHAR DnsSuffix;
    PWCHAR Description;
    PWCHAR FriendlyName;
    BYTE PhysicalAddress[MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH];
    DWORD PhysicalAddressLength;
    DWORD Flags;
    DWORD Mtu;
    DWORD IfType;
    IF_OPER_STATUS OperStatus;
    DWORD Ipv6IfIndex;
    DWORD ZoneIndices[16];
    PIP_ADAPTER_PREFIX_XP FirstPrefix;
} IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_XP,
*PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_XP;

typedef struct _IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH {
    union {
        ULONGLONG Alignment;
        struct {
            ULONG Length;
            IF_INDEX IfIndex;
        };
    };
    struct _IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH *Next;
    PCHAR AdapterName;
    PIP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_LH FirstUnicastAddress;
    PIP_ADAPTER_ANYCAST_ADDRESS_XP FirstAnycastAddress;
    PIP_ADAPTER_MULTICAST_ADDRESS_XP FirstMulticastAddress;
    PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS_XP FirstDnsServerAddress;
    PWCHAR DnsSuffix;
    PWCHAR Description;
    PWCHAR FriendlyName;
    BYTE PhysicalAddress[MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH];
    ULONG PhysicalAddressLength;
    union {
        ULONG Flags;
        struct {
            ULONG DdnsEnabled : 1;
            ULONG RegisterAdapterSuffix : 1;
            ULONG Dhcpv4Enabled : 1;
            ULONG ReceiveOnly : 1;
            ULONG NoMulticast : 1;
            ULONG Ipv6OtherStatefulConfig : 1;
            ULONG NetbiosOverTcpipEnabled : 1;
            ULONG Ipv4Enabled : 1;
            ULONG Ipv6Enabled : 1;
            ULONG Ipv6ManagedAddressConfigurationSupported : 1;
        };
    };
    ULONG Mtu;
    IFTYPE IfType;
    IF_OPER_STATUS OperStatus;
    IF_INDEX Ipv6IfIndex;
    ULONG ZoneIndices[16];
    PIP_ADAPTER_PREFIX_XP FirstPrefix;

    ULONG64 TransmitLinkSpeed;
    ULONG64 ReceiveLinkSpeed;
    PIP_ADAPTER_WINS_SERVER_ADDRESS_LH FirstWinsServerAddress;
    PIP_ADAPTER_GATEWAY_ADDRESS_LH FirstGatewayAddress;
    ULONG Ipv4Metric;
    ULONG Ipv6Metric;
    IF_LUID Luid;
    SOCKET_ADDRESS Dhcpv4Server;
    NET_IF_COMPARTMENT_ID CompartmentId;
    NET_IF_NETWORK_GUID NetworkGuid;
    NET_IF_CONNECTION_TYPE ConnectionType;
    TUNNEL_TYPE TunnelType;
    //
    // DHCP v6 Info.
    //
    SOCKET_ADDRESS Dhcpv6Server;
    BYTE Dhcpv6ClientDuid[MAX_DHCPV6_DUID_LENGTH];
    ULONG Dhcpv6ClientDuidLength;
    ULONG Dhcpv6Iaid;
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_VISTASP1)
    PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SUFFIX FirstDnsSuffix;
#endif
} IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH,
*PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH;

其中子网掩码在FirstUnicastAddress字段，这个字段在 XP 上也映射到了不同结构体：

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typedef struct _IP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_LH {
    union {
        ULONGLONG Alignment;
        struct { 
            ULONG Length;
            DWORD Flags;
        };
    };
    struct _IP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_LH *Next;
    SOCKET_ADDRESS Address;

    IP_PREFIX_ORIGIN PrefixOrigin;
    IP_SUFFIX_ORIGIN SuffixOrigin;
    IP_DAD_STATE DadState;

    ULONG ValidLifetime;
    ULONG PreferredLifetime;
    ULONG LeaseLifetime;
    UINT8 OnLinkPrefixLength;
} IP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_LH,

typedef struct _IP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_XP {
    union {
        ULONGLONG Alignment;
        struct { 
            ULONG Length;
            DWORD Flags;
        };
    };
    struct _IP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_XP *Next;
    SOCKET_ADDRESS Address;

    IP_PREFIX_ORIGIN PrefixOrigin;
    IP_SUFFIX_ORIGIN SuffixOrigin;
    IP_DAD_STATE DadState;

    ULONG ValidLifetime;
    ULONG PreferredLifetime;
    ULONG LeaseLifetime;
} IP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_XP, *PIP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS_XP;

其中OnLinkPrefixLength就是网卡的子网掩码，但是 XP 系统上没有这个字段，不过还有其他补救方法。

GetAdaptersInfo

GetAdaptersInfo 用于获取所有活动网卡信息。
它可以获取网卡的IP地址、子网掩码、MAC地址信息，其中IP地址和子网掩码以字符串形式返回，如果想要int类型的话需要自行处理。
一个要求 Vista+ 的转换实现：

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SOCKADDR_IN addr;
INT addrLen = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN);
WSAStringToAddressA(p->IpAddressList.IpAddress.String, AF_INET, NULL, (LPSOCKADDR)&addr, &addrLen);
unsigned long ipInt = addr.sin_addr.s_addr;  // 网络字节序
ipInt = ntohl(ipInt);  // 转为主机字节序，这个函数要求Vista+

更简单的版本：

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unsigned ip_str_to_u32(const char* ip) {
    unsigned a, b, c, d;
    sscanf(ip, "%u.%u.%u.%u", &a, &b, &c, &d);
    return (a << 24) | (b << 16) | (c << 8) | d;
}

GetIpAddrTable

GetIpAddrTable 可以获取系统上的 IP 地址表，会得到一个 MIB_IPADDRROW_XP 结构列表，其中dwMask字段就是当前 IP 地址的掩码，但是并不知道 IP 属于哪个网卡，此时有两种选择：

  1. 再次调用 GetIfEntry 函数得到其网卡信息（其中还有MAC地址）。
  2. 先用GetAdaptersAddresses获取网卡列表，再用GetIpAddrTable获取 IP 地址表，然后比较两者的 IP 地址或dwIndex字段。


这要调用两个函数，不推荐。

其他相关函数

总结

要在 XP 系统上枚举网卡并得到IP、子网掩码、MAC地址信息的话用 GetAdaptersInfo 就够了。
不需要支持 XP 系统的话用更新的 GetAdaptersAddresses 函数。

相关阅读

list adapters addresses and mask/prefix, both IPv4 and IPv6 (GetAdaptersAddresses)

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